Add Quotes

Types of Quotes

In-Text Citations

In academic writing, quotes are an essential component that allows authors to incorporate the thoughts and ideas of other experts into their own work. There are several types of quotes used in different contexts.

1. **Direct Quotations**: These are word-for-word reproductions of someone’s exact words or phrases from a text, book, speech, or interview.

• A direct quote typically begins with a quotation mark and ends with a quotation mark.
• The author should use the original punctuation as it is found in the source material.

2. **Indirect Quotations**: These are paraphrased or summarized versions of someone’s thoughts, ideas, or expressions without using their exact words.

• An indirect quote is generally set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma.
• The author should still cite the original source to give credit where it’s due.

3. **Block Quotes**: These are long direct quotations that exceed four lines or 100 words, and they require special formatting.

• A block quote begins with a colon and is indented from the left margin, usually five to seven spaces in APA format.
• The text of the quotation should be double-spaced, like regular paragraphs.

Types of In-Text Citations:

In-text citations are used to credit the original authors whose ideas and words are being borrowed in academic writing. There are different types of in-text citations depending on the citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

**APA Style (American Psychological Association) In-Text Citation:

• An in-text citation includes the author’s last name and year of publication.
• e.g., Smith (2020)

For direct quotes, use a page number if available.

**MLA Style In-Text Citation:

• An in-text citation includes the author’s last name and the page number(s).
• e.g., Smith 23

For direct quotes, use quotation marks and a parenthetical reference with the author’s last name and page number.

**Chicago Style In-Text Citation:

• An in-text citation includes the author’s last name and publication date.
• e.g., (Smith 2020)

The style guide used determines the specific format for in-text citations. It’s essential to consult with a reliable style guide to ensure accuracy and consistency throughout the text.

* Direct quotes: A phrase or sentence taken from another source, enclosed in quotation marks

Type 1: Direct Quotes

A direct quote is a phrase or sentence taken from another source, enclosed in quotation marks in language English.

Characteristics:

• The original words are quoted verbatim, without any changes.

• The speaker’s words are represented exactly as they were spoken or written.

• Direct quotes often begin with a signal phrase or attribution (e.g. ‘She said,’ ‘He wrote’), although in some styles this may be omitted if the source is clear from the context.

Example:

‘I think therefore I am’ – René Descartes

Type 2: Indirect Quotes

An indirect quote, also known as a reported speech, paraphrases or summarizes another person’s words in one’s own words.

Characteristics:

• The original speaker’s idea is conveyed through paraphrased language.

• Indirect quotes often use phrases such as ‘according to,’ ‘in her words,’ or ‘he said that.’

• The meaning and context of the speaker’s words remain unchanged, but their exact phrasing does not.

Example:

‘According to René Descartes, the most basic truth is that “I think therefore I am”.’ (This example paraphrases the original quote)

Type 3: Embedded Quotes

An embedded quote, also known as a parenthetical quotation or interpolated dialogue, involves quoting someone while describing what they are doing at the same time.

Characteristics:

• The speaker’s action and words are interwoven with each other.

• Embedded quotes often use phrases such as ‘as she was saying,’ or ‘while he spoke.’

• The goal is to create a vivid scene where the action and dialogue blend together seamlessly.

Example:

‘As I walked into the room, my sister said, “Welcome home, little brother”.’ (This example embeds the quote in the description of the scene)

Type 4: Paraphrased Quotes

A paraphrased quote is a rewritten version of someone’s words or idea without direct quotation.

Characteristics:

• The original speaker’s words are rephrased in one’s own language and style.

• Paraphrased quotes often use synonyms to convey the same meaning as the original quote.

• They can be used when space is limited, or when direct quotes would be too lengthy.

Example:

‘To exist is to be’ could also be paraphrased as ‘The mere fact of being constitutes existence.’

Type 5: Quotes with Modifications

A quote with modifications, also known as a modified direct quote, involves changing some words or phrases from the original text while keeping others.

Characteristics:

• The speaker’s original words are altered in some way (e.g. changed verb tense, added words).

• Modified quotes often use ellipses (…) to indicate omitted words or phrases.

• They can be used to clarify a point, make the language more concise, or to correct any inaccuracies in the original quote.

Example:

‘I think, therefore I am’ could become ‘René Descartes believed that “the fact of thinking proves one’s existence”.’

* Indirect quotes: Paraphrasing information from another source without using quotation marks

There are several types of quotes used to present information from an external source, adding credibility and depth to one’s writing or speech. One such type is indirect quotes, also known as paraphrased quotes or summary quotes.

Indirect quotes involve conveying the main idea or essential details from another person’s statement without using quotation marks. This technique allows for the inclusion of external information while maintaining a more concise and natural flow in one’s writing or speech.

To create an indirect quote, one must paraphrase the original text, capturing its core message or key points. This requires an understanding of the original content and the ability to rephrase it accurately. Paraphrasing is often used to avoid plagiarism, as it demonstrates that the writer has taken the time to understand and interpret the source material.

For instance, if a person said “The Great Barrier Reef is one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on the planet,” an indirect quote might read “According to research, the Great Barrier Reef is home to an incredible array of marine life.”

In this example, the original statement has been paraphrased to convey its main point, while omitting the exact words used. This technique allows writers and speakers to engage with external information without simply copying or pasting it.

Indirect quotes can be particularly useful in academic writing, where it’s essential to demonstrate an understanding of source material rather than simply quoting it verbatim. By paraphrasing and summarizing external sources, writers can create engaging narratives that also showcase their ability to analyze and interpret complex ideas.

In addition to indirect quotes, other types of quotes include:

Direct Quotes: Quoting a person’s exact words using quotation marks.

Mixed Quotes: Combining direct and indirect quotes to create a nuanced representation of a source’s message.

Attributive Quotes: Attributing the source material to its original author or speaker, often including the date or location where the statement was made.

Fair Use Quotes: Citing copyrighted sources in compliance with fair use regulations, often for educational or critical purposes.

Understanding the different types of quotes is essential for effectively incorporating external information into one’s writing and speech. By using paraphrasing, summarizing, and other techniques to engage with source material, writers can create compelling narratives that demonstrate their ability to analyze, interpret, and convey complex ideas.

* Attributive quotes: Identifying the source of a quote within the text

There are several types of quotes that can be used to enhance and add meaning to written content, whether it’s a book, article, or social media post. One common type of quote is the attributive quote.

An attributive quote is a quotation that includes information about the source of the quoted material within the text itself, often in language that clearly indicates who said what. This type of quote is useful for academic or formal writing, as it allows readers to verify the accuracy of the quote and understand the context in which it was said.

Here are some common examples of attributive quotes:

• “John Smith, a renowned expert in the field, stated that ‘the key to success is hard work and determination.'”
• “As Jane Doe, CEO of XYZ Corporation, noted, ‘our company’s goal is to provide exceptional customer service.'”
• “According to Dr. John Johnson, a leading researcher on the topic, ‘the benefits of regular exercise are numerous and well-documented.'”

Another type of quote is the blockquote, which is a longer quotation that is set off from the rest of the text with a separate indentation or block of space.

Blockquotes can be useful for adding emphasis to particularly important or insightful quotes, and can also help to break up long stretches of text.

Here’s an example of a blockquote:

“The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.” – Eleanor Roosevelt

Finally, there are also parenthetical quotes, which are short quotations that are set off from the rest of the text with parentheses.

Parenthetical quotes can be used to add a touch of humor or irony to written content, and can also help to clarify complex points or provide additional context.

Here’s an example of a parenthetical quote:

“As my grandmother (who shall remain nameless) always said, ‘you should never wear white after Labor Day.'”

Overall, there are many different types of quotes that can be used in written content, and the choice of which type to use will depend on the tone and style of the writing.

Quote Placement

Citation Styles

Citation styles refer to the standard guidelines that govern how sources are cited and referenced within a piece of writing, typically an academic paper.

In the context of adding quotes, understanding citation styles is crucial in maintaining the integrity and credibility of research work.

There are several widely recognized citation styles, each with its own unique set of rules:

1. MLA (Modern Language Association) Style

MLA style is commonly used in the humanities, such as literature and language.

• Quotations are enclosed in quotation marks and followed by a page number, if applicable.
• Sources are listed on a Works Cited page, formatted with the author’s last name, first name, title of the source, publication information, date of publication, and other relevant details.
2. APA (American Psychological Association) Style

APA style is widely used in social sciences, such as psychology, education, and business.

• Quotations are enclosed in quotation marks, but without page numbers for direct quotes or with a page number for indirect quotes.
• Sources are listed on a References list, formatted with the author’s last name, first initial, title of the source, publication information, date of publication, and other relevant details.
3. Chicago/Turabian Style

Chicago style is commonly used in history, philosophy, and social sciences.

• Quotations are enclosed in quotation marks or italicized for direct quotes, with a corresponding footnote or endnote that provides source information.
• Sources are listed on a Bibliography page or in footnotes/endnotes, formatted with the author’s last name, first name, title of the source, publication information, and other relevant details.
4. CSE (Council of Science Editors) Style

CSE style is commonly used in sciences, such as biology and chemistry.

• Quotations are enclosed in quotation marks or italicized for direct quotes, with a corresponding citation that provides source information.
• Sources are listed on a Reference List page, formatted with the author’s last name, first initial, title of the source, publication information, date of publication, and other relevant details.
5. Harvard Style

Harvard style is widely used in business, economics, and law.

• Quotations are enclosed in quotation marks or italicized for direct quotes, with a corresponding reference that provides source information.
• Sources are listed on a References page, formatted with the author’s last name, first initial, title of the source, publication information, date of publication, and other relevant details.

In each citation style, proper placement and formatting of quotes are crucial for maintaining academic integrity and credibility.

When adding quotes in a piece of writing, it is essential to:

1. Select the right quote: Choose a relevant quote that supports your argument or research findings.
2. Format the quote correctly: Use quotation marks, italics, or underlining as required by the citation style being used.
3. Provide context and explanation: Include information about the source of the quote, such as author, title, publication date, and other relevant details.

By following these guidelines and understanding citation styles, researchers can effectively incorporate quotes into their writing while maintaining academic integrity and credibility.

* MLA (Modern Language Association): Emphasizes intext citations and a list of works cited

In academic writing, **Quote Placement** is an essential aspect of incorporating sources into one’s work. When it comes to integrating quotes from external sources, authors often encounter difficulties in determining where and how to place them within their text. This is particularly relevant when utilizing the MLA (Modern Language Association) style, which prioritizes in-text citations and a list of works cited.

According to MLA guidelines, **in-text citations** are used to credit sources within the body of an essay or article. When integrating a quote from another source, the author should use a parenthetical citation that includes the author’s last name and page number(s) where the quote can be found, separated by commas. For example: Johnson 23. If the source has no author, the title of the work is used instead.

However, when it comes to **Quote Placement**, it’s essential to consider the context and purpose of the quote. In general, quotes are placed within a sentence or paragraph to provide supporting evidence for an argument or to illustrate a point. They can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, but care should be taken to avoid interrupting the flow of the text.

For instance: “The road not taken,” as **Frost** notes in his famous poem, “had made all the difference” (The Road Not Taken 26). In this example, the quote is placed within a sentence to provide supporting evidence for an argument. The page number of the source is included in the in-text citation.

When integrating multiple quotes from the same source, it’s essential to use a consistent citation style throughout. For instance: “The road not taken,” as **Frost** notes in his famous poem, “had made all the difference” (The Road Not Taken 26). In this example, the quote is placed within a sentence to provide supporting evidence for an argument.

In MLA style, it’s essential to maintain consistency in formatting and citation. Authors should use a consistent method of citing sources throughout their work, including both in-text citations and a list of works cited at the end of the text. This ensures that readers can easily locate the source material and understand how the author has used external sources within their own work.

When integrating quotes into an MLA-style text, it’s essential to consider the following guidelines:

* Use in-text citations to credit sources within the body of the essay or article.
* Include the author’s last name and page number(s) where the quote can be found in the in-text citation.
* Maintain consistency in formatting and citation throughout the text.
* Use a consistent method of citing sources, including both in-text citations and a list of works cited at the end of the text.

* APA (American Psychological Association): Focuses on intext citations and a references page

Quote placement in an academic paper is crucial to maintaining clarity, coherence, and credibility. When incorporating quotes into an article, it’s essential to understand how different citation styles handle quotation marks and attributions.

In APA style, which focuses on in-text citations and a references page in language English, the placement of quotes is straightforward. The author-date system used by APA allows for seamless integration of quotes into the text while providing readers with easy access to the sources cited.

When using APA style, it’s essential to properly cite quoted material within the text using an in-text citation consisting of the author’s last name and publication year (e.g., Smith, 2020). This allows readers to locate the full reference on the references page.

For block quotations – which are typically four lines or more of prose – APA style recommends a slightly different approach. Block quotations should be indented 5-7 spaces from the left margin and single-spaced, with double spacing between the paragraphs (American Psychological Association, 2020). This format allows for easy reading while maintaining the original author’s emphasis.

When quoting material, it’s also important to consider the level of analysis required. APA style encourages authors to incorporate paraphrased or summarized versions of quotes when possible, rather than direct quotes (APA Publication Manual, 7th ed.). This helps to maintain a smooth narrative flow and avoid overwhelming readers with too many quotes.

When using a quote in an article, it’s crucial to consider the context and relevance of the material. The author should explain why the quote is included and how it supports their argument (APA Style, 2020). This ensures that the quote serves as a meaningful contribution to the discussion rather than a mere filler.

In conclusion, proper placement of quotes in an article written in APA style is crucial for maintaining clarity, coherence, and credibility. By understanding the rules governing quotation marks and attributions, authors can effectively integrate quotes into their text while providing readers with easy access to the sources cited.

* Chicago/Turabian: Uses footnotes or endnotes for citations, with a corresponding bibliography

When it comes to quoting sources in academic writing, particularly in the style of **Chicago** or **Turabian**, proper placement of quotes is crucial for maintaining clarity and credibility.

The _citation system_ used in Chicago/Turabian style involves using footnotes or endnotes to reference sources, with a corresponding bibliography that lists all cited works in _language English_.

When placing quotes within the text, it’s essential to use quotation marks correctly. The first thing to consider is the length of the quote.

If the quote is four lines or less, it should be enclosed in double quotation marks and integrated into the sentence, as follows:

‘According to _source_, “the impact of social media on society is significant” (Source Title, Date).’

However, if the quote is longer than four lines or includes dialogue, it’s best to use a block quote. A block quote should be indented 0.5 inches from the left margin and double-spaced, as follows:

‘The impact of social media on society is significant (Source Title, Date). It has changed the way we communicate, interact, and consume information.’

When using footnotes or endnotes in Chicago/Turabian style, it’s crucial to maintain consistency throughout the paper. Each quote should be referenced with a corresponding footnote or endnote number.

The _bibliography_ should list all cited works in language English, following the specific citation format required by the chosen style guide (e.g., Chicago 17th ed.).

Formatting Quotes

Block Quotes and Running Heads

In academic writing, formatting quotes is an essential aspect of maintaining consistency and clarity in presenting other people’s words or ideas. When including a quote in your text, it is crucial to ensure that it is properly formatted to avoid confusion and maintain credibility. Here are some guidelines for formatting quotes in English language writing:

**In-Line Quotations**: In-line quotations, also known as direct quotations, are used to incorporate a shorter quote into the sentence or paragraph. To format an in-line quotation, use single quotation marks (‘) to set it off from the surrounding text. The punctuation mark that accompanies the quotation should be placed inside the quotation marks, unless the quoted material ends with a question mark or an exclamation point. For example:

“This is an example of an in-line quotation,” she said.

**Block Quotations**: Block quotations are used to quote longer passages from other sources. These should be indented five spaces on each side (about half an inch) and set apart from the rest of the text by a blank line above and below it. The first word of the quotation should be aligned with the left margin, and there should be no quotation marks at either end. For example:

As Mark Twain once said,
“This is the way to do it,
The right way.
Do not copy someone else.”

**Running Heads**: Running heads are the headers that appear on each page of a document, usually containing the title and/or author’s name. They should be placed in the upper corner of each page, typically at the top left or center of the page. In MLA style, running heads can include the title of the essay or paper, while in APA style, they may include both the title and author’s name.

When using block quotations, make sure to include the following elements:

• Avoid excessive use of quotes: Use quotes judiciously and only when necessary. Long passages from other sources should be paraphrased or summarized instead.
• Use quotation marks correctly: Do not overuse quotation marks, as they can make the text look cluttered and confusing.
• Cite properly: Proper citation of quoted material is essential to avoid plagiarism. Use the MLA or APA format for in-text citations, depending on your instructor’s preferences.
• Indentation and spacing: Be consistent with indentation and spacing within block quotations.

By following these guidelines for formatting quotes, block quotations, and running heads, you can ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and well-formatted. This will also help maintain the credibility of your work and make it easier to read and understand for others.

* Block quotes: Long quotations set apart from the main text using indentation and quotation marks

Formatting quotes can greatly enhance the visual appeal and readability of written content, particularly when presenting long quotations or direct speech. In language English, a common practice for formatting block quotes involves using indentation to distinguish them from the main text.

The process typically begins with placing a colon or a period after the introductory phrase, followed by a space. This is where the indented block of quoted text begins. The first line of the quote is also indented, and subsequent lines are indented as well, usually with the same amount of indentation throughout.

There are various ways to format block quotes depending on the style guide being used or the preference of the writer. For instance, in MLA (Modern Language Association) style, the first line of a block quote is not indented, while subsequent lines have half an inch indentation.

In APA (American Psychological Association) style, block quotes are also indented but with a 0.5-inch margin on both sides. This helps to distinguish the quoted text from the rest of the content and provides a clear visual separation.

The choice of using single quotation marks or double quotation marks for block quotes can depend on regional preferences or specific style guides. Single quotation marks are commonly used in British English, while double quotation marks prevail in American English.

Regardless of the formatting chosen, it is essential to ensure that the reader’s attention is drawn to the quote and that the text around it does not get mixed up with the quoted material. This can be achieved by using a clear heading or subheading above the quote, highlighting it with a different font or color.

In summary, formatting block quotes involves a combination of indentation and quotation marks to present long quotations in a visually appealing manner. By following a specific style guide or personal preference, writers can effectively format block quotes to enhance their written content.

* Running heads: A shortened version of the title that appears on each page

Formatting quotes in academic writing is a crucial aspect to consider when adding quotations from sources into an essay or article. This guide will help you understand how to properly format quotes, ensuring clarity and credibility in your work.

In general, quotes should be set apart from the rest of the text using quotation marks or block formatting. There are different rules for short quotes (less than 40 words) and long quotes (more than 40 words), which will be discussed below.

Short Quotes: For short quotes of less than 40 words, use double quotation marks to enclose the quote, and place a space before or after the quotation marks. The quote should be incorporated into the sentence, with commas used to separate the quote from the surrounding text.

For example:

The author states, “This is a short quote that illustrates my point.” (Smith 12)

Long Quotes: For long quotes of more than 40 words, use block formatting. Block formatting involves indenting the entire quote, with no quotation marks at the beginning or end.

This type of format is typically used when you want to emphasize a particular part of an article and set it apart from the rest of the text. Here’s how to do it:

Start the quote on a new line and indent five spaces (or one inch). The quote should be single-spaced.

For example:

Smith writes:

“This is a long quote that demonstrates my argument. It shows the complexity of the issue at hand, and highlights the importance of considering multiple perspectives.”

Running heads: A running head is a shortened version of your title that appears on each page in language English. This format helps readers understand the context and topic of your article at a glance.

The running head should be no longer than 50 characters and appear centered at the top of each page, usually half an inch from the top edge.